Products Description

Since 2002, the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment; Tapley et al., 2004; Tapley et al., 2019) and GRACE-FO (GRACE Follow-On; Chen et al., 2022; Landerer et al., 2020) have been providing monthly estimates of spatial and temporal variations in the Earth’s gravitational field. These variations can be converted into mass redistributions, including variations in water in the oceans, the hydrosphere, and the cryosphere, as well as deformations of the solid Earth related to glacial isostatic adjustment or major earthquakes.

Gravity anomalies represent variations in gravitational acceleration caused by mass redistributions integrated from the Earth’s surface to its center, and expressed in microGals (µGal) at the Earth’s surface (Ditmar (2018) ; Wahr et al., 1998). They are calculated using CNES GRACE/-FO Level 2A solutions, obtained by singular value decomposition (SVD) of the monthly geopotential anomalies available here, and expressed as deviations from a fixed reference field.

The Stokes coefficients derived from these solutions are then converted into gravity anomalies (µGal) and projected onto the WGS84 ellipsoid using the locally spherical approximation (Equation 27, Ditmar (2018)), which is implemented in the LENAPY Python package. The official LENAPY documentation is available at this link, and its mathematical foundations are detailed here. No filters are applied, as the solution is stabilized by truncated SVD (Lemoine et al., 2026).

Files description

The Level 2B grids are provided as ASCII files consisting of a header followed by three columns of 64,800 lines containing longitudes, latitudes, and equivalent water depth values, respectively.

These grids are generated from Level 2A SVD solutions, from degree 2 to degree 90. Degree 1 is excluded because the estimates from the inversion do not accurately reflect movements of the geocenter.

To convert the L2A solutions into water height anomaly grids, a static reference field is subtracted from the solutions. For the RL0005 solutions, the field removed is the CNES RL05 reference field. This average static field is an estimate close to the Earth’s gravity field in June 2009 (see here for more details). The grid values are given with an accuracy of 5 significant figures.

Solution Quality Metrics

Gravity anomalies can be visualized as maps, as shown in the example in Figure 1. 

Since the L2B solutions are derived from the L2A SVD solutions, no additional filtering is applied; however, vertical streaks corresponding to the anisotropic noise observed in the L2A solutions may remain visible. 

To quantify the noise level, a commonly used metric is the RMS of the time series after removing linear trends and annual cycles, calculated over an area considered to be quiet, such as the oceans. Since little signal is expected in these areas, a low RMS of the residuals indicates a solution with low noise. This analysis also allows for comparing the noise level between different solutions.

The noise in SVD solutions is particularly low compared to that of other solutions from other centers (JPL, GFZ, CSR, ITSG), which, although unconstrained, require DDK filtering to reduce noise.

Using the solutions

Users are invited to use the file upload tools as they see fit.

Dataset identifier

10.24400/170160/SAGSA_GFQ_GGA_SVD_1MONTH_RL0005

Characteristics

	Product type	Gravity anomalies grids
	Format	ASCII files
	License	(CCBY)
	Start of production	GRACE: 01/04/2002 | GRACE-FO: 01/05/2018
	End of production	GRACE: 01/05/2017 | GRACE-FO: Still producing
	Coverage	-180° – 180° ; -90° – 90°
	Coverage type	Global
	Spatial resolution	1°x1°
	Time resolution	Monthly solutions
	Mission(s)	GRACE | GRACE-FO
	Instrument(s) / Captor(s)	Star Camera Assembly (SCA), Accelerometer (ACC), K-Band Ranging (KBR), GPS, Satellite Laser Ranging